Preliminary survey report on the clinical validation of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers in China / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the percentage of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers independently validated clinically in China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey and Beijing, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Datong, and Shihezi were selected according to the geographical location and economic level. In each site, one tertiary hospital, two community health centers, and 20 families with electronic sphygmomanometers in use were chosen. The information of electronic sphygmomanometers including brand, model, manufacturer and production date were obtained by the trained staff. Ten electronic sphygmomanometers from each hospital, five electronic sphygmomanometers from each community health center, and one electronic sphygmomanometer from each family were surveyed, and the user's subjective judgment results and judgment basis on the accuracy of the electronic sphygmomanometer measurement were collected. We searched six registration websites (Medaval, Stride BP, dabl Educational Trust, British and Irish Hypertension Society, American Medical Association and Hypertension Canada) and two research databases (PubMed and CNKI) for the clinical validation status of each electronic sphygmomanometer. Results: A total of 200 electronic sphygmomanometers were investigated in this study, of which only 29.0% (58/200) passed independent clinical validation. When stratified by users, the percentage of being clinical validated was 46.0% (23/50) for electronic sphygmomanometers in hospitals, 42.0% (21/50) for those in community health centers and 14.0% (14/100) for those in home use, respectively, and the proportions between the three groups were significantly difference (P<0.001). Doctors in tertiary hospitals and community health service centers judged the accuracy of electronic sphygmomanometers mainly on the basis of "regular correction" (41.0% (41/100)) and "comparison with other electronic sphygmomanometers" (20.0% (20/100)), while among home users, 41.0% (41/100) were not clear about the accuracy of electronic sphygmomanometers, and 40.0% (40/100) made the judgment by "comparison with the devices in hospitals". Conclusion: The clinical validation of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers in China is low. Most of users, including healthcare professionals, are not aware of clinical validation of electronic sphygmomanometers.

Taking the mechanism of glucose catabolism disorder in depression as an example to explore the research ideas and strategies of stable isotope tracer metabolomics / 药学学报

Stable isotope tracer metabolomics tracks and analyzes the whole metabolic process of the body through the tracer atoms, which belongs to the frontier technology in the field of biomedicine. This technology is of great significance and value for explaining the pathogenesis of diseases, finding biomarkers of diseases and drug action targets. Taking the mechanism of glucose catabolism disorder in depression as an example, this paper systematically expounds the stable isotope tracer metabolomics technology and its application. The research idea of stable isotope tracer metabolomics based on unmarked metabolomics was put forward, and the research strategy of biological significance interpretation from four dimensions of metabolite isotope abundance, key metabolic enzymes, metabolic flow direction and metabolite flow was given, which broke through the bottleneck of stable isotope tracer metabolomics research technology based on overall animal experiment, and provided scientific basis for the promotion and application of this technology.

Association between blood pressure during 12-28 weeks gestation and pre-eclampsia: predictive value of blood pressure trajectories constructed by latent class growth modeling / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the associations between blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and risk of future pre-eclampsia in a large cohort enrolling pregnant women at gestational age of ~12 weeks from community hospitals in Tianjin. Latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to model the blood pressure trajectories. Methods: This was a large prospective cohort study. The study enrolled pregnant women of ~12 weeks of gestation in 19 community hospitals in Tianjin from November 1, 2016 to May 30, 2018. We obtained related information during 5 antepartum examinations before gestational week 28, i.e., week 12, week 16, week 20, week 24 and week 28. LCGM was used to model longitudinal systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) trajectories. For the association study, the predictors were set as SBP and DBP trajectory membership (built separately), the outcome was defined as the occurrence of preeclampsia after 28 weeks of gestation. Results: A total of 5 809 cases with known pregnant outcomes were documented. After excluding 249 cases per exclusion criteria, 5 560 cases with singleton pregnancy were included for final analysis. There were 128 cases preeclampsia and 106 cases gestational hypertension in this cohort. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression showed the higher baseline SBP level and DBP level were related with increased risk of preeclampsia. Four distinctive SBP trajectories and DBP trajectories from 12 weeks to 28 weeks of gestation were identified by LCGM. After controlling for potential confounders (baseline BMI, being primipara or not, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, platelet counts and alanine aminotransferase level), the OR for SBP latent classification trajectory_ 4 was 4.023 (95%CI: 2.368 to 6.835, P<0.001), and the OR for SBP latent classification trajectory_3 was 1.854 (95%CI: 1.223 to 2.811, P=0.004). Logistic regression showed that: using the DBP latent classification trajectory_1 as the reference group, the OR for DBP latent classification trajectory_4 was 4.100 (95%CI: 2.571 to 6.538, P<0.001), and 2.632 (95%CI: 1.570 to 4.414, P<0.001) for DBP latent classification trajectory_2. After controlling for potential confounders (baseline BMI, being primipara or not, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, platelet counts and alanine aminotransferase level), the OR for DBP_traj_4 was 2.527 (95%CI: 1.534 to 4.162, P<0.001), and the OR for DBP_traj_3 was 1.297 (95%CI: 0.790 to 2.128, P=0.303), and 2.238 (95%CI: 1.328 to 3.772, P=0.002) for DBP_traj_2. Therefore, BP trajectories from 12 weeks to 28 weeks identified by LCGM served as novel risk factors that independently associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed incremental diagnostic performance by combing baseline blood pressure levels with blood pressure trajectories. Conclusion: By applying LCGM, we for the first time identified distinctive BP trajectories from gestational week 12 to 28, which can independently predict the development of preeclampsia after 28 weeks of gestation.

Effect of weight training on lower limb strength in martial arts athletes / Efeito do treinamento com pesos sobre a força dos membros inferiores em atletas de artes marciais / Efecto del entrenamiento con pesas en la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores en atletas de artes marciales

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is believed that weight training on the lower limbs in martial arts athletes can contribute to a better performance of the whiplash, a specific movement that encompasses pliometry, balance and strength. Objective: Study the effects of weight training on lower limb strength in martial arts athletes when performing the whiplash. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted involving 100 martial arts athletes, randomly divided into two groups of characteristics without statically relevant differences. The experimental group received weight training, while the control group received no additional intervention to their daily training. Results: The vertical jump in the experimental group increased from 31.24 ± 6.65 cm to 36.00 ± 9.62 cm; the vertical jump in horizontal standing position increased from 195.49 ± 4.16 cm to 196.51 ± 7.49 cm; the approach vertical jump varied from 32.94 ± 9.21 cm to 37.60 ± 11. 50 cm; the jump from the local half squat position was from 34.55 ± 6.40 cm to 40.30 ± 8.14 cm; the maximum force of a squat with weights was from 140.81 ± 10.05 kg to 142.06 ± 10.23 kg; the maximum number of supine leg raises in one minute increased from 43.43 ± 6.15 to 48.05 ± 7.29. Conclusion: Weight training positively influenced lower limb strength in martial arts athletes, whiplash performance was elevated. Weight training is recommended in the daily training of martial arts athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Acredita-se que o treinamento com pesos nos membros inferiores em atletas de artes marciais possa contribuir para um melhor desempenho do whiplash, um movimento específico que engloba pliometria, equilíbrio e força. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento com pesos sobre a força dos membros inferiores em aletas de artes marciais na execução do whiplash. Métodos: Foi conduzida uma experiência controlada envolvendo 100 atletas de artes marciais, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de características sem diferenças estaticamente relevantes. O grupo experimental recebeu treinamento com pesos, enquanto o grupo de controle não recebeu nenhuma intervenção adicional ao treino cotidiano. Resultados: O salto vertical no grupo experimental elevou-se de 31,24 ± 6,65 cm para 36,00 ± 9,62 cm; o salto vertical em pé horizontal elevou-se de 195,49 ± 4,16 cm para 196,51 ± 7,49 cm; o salto vertical de aproximação variou de 32,94 ± 9,21 cm para 37,60 ± 11. 50 cm; o salto da posição de meio agachamento local foi de 34,55 ± 6,40 cm para 40,30 ± 8,14 cm; a força máxima de um agachamento com pesos foi de 140,81 ± 10,05 kg para 142,06 ± 10,23 kg; o número máximo de elevações de pernas supinas em um minuto elevou-se de 43,43 ± 6,15 para 48,05 ± 7,29. Conclusão: O treinamento com pesos influenciou positivamente na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de artes marciais, o desempenho do whiplash foi elevado. Recomenda-se o treinamento de pesos no treinamento diário dos atletas de artes marciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se cree que el entrenamiento con pesas sobre los miembros inferiores en atletas de artes marciales puede contribuir para una mejor ejecución del whiplash, un movimiento específico que engloba pliometría, equilibrio y fuerza. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento con pesas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de artes marciales al realizar el whiplash. Métodos: Se realizó un experimento controlado con 100 atletas de artes marciales, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos de características sin diferencias estadísticamente relevantes. El grupo experimental recibió entrenamiento con pesas, mientras que el grupo de control no recibió ninguna intervención adicional a su entrenamiento diario. Resultados: El salto vertical en el grupo experimental aumentó de 31,24 ± 6,65 cm a 36,00 ± 9,62 cm; el salto vertical horizontal de pie aumentó de 195,49 ± 4,16 cm a 196,51 ± 7,49 cm; el salto vertical de aproximación varió de 32,94 ± 9,21 cm a 37,60 ± 11. 50 cm; el salto desde la posición de media sentadilla local fue de 34,55 ± 6,40 cm a 40,30 ± 8,14 cm; la fuerza máxima de una sentadilla con pesas fue de 140,81 ± 10,05 kg a 142,06 ± 10,23 kg; el número máximo de elevaciones de piernas en decúbito supino en un minuto aumentó de 43,43 ± 6,15 a 48,05 ± 7,29. Conclusión: El entrenamiento con pesas influyó positivamente en la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores de los atletas de artes marciales y elevó el rendimiento de los whiplashs. Se recomienda el entrenamiento con pesas en el entrenamiento diario de los atletas de artes marciales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos-investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Surgical approach selection and curative effect analysis of orbital cavernous hemangioma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the choice of surgical approach, therapeutic effect and complications of orbital cavernous hemangioma(OCH)in different positions of orbit.METHODS: The clinical data of 128 patients of 128 eyes with OCH whose were surgically removed and pathologically diagnosed in the department of ophthalmology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The position of OCH in the orbit was determined by preoperative imaging examination(CT/MRI), so as to select different surgical approaches and analyze the postoperative curative effect and the incidence of complications.RESULTS: The location of OCH in the orbit: 82 eyes in the muscle cone and 46 eyes outside the muscle cone. According to the quadrant of the orbit where the tumor was located, there were 24 eyes in the upper-outer quadrant, 38 eyes in the lower-outer quadrant, 28 eyes in the upper-inner quadrant, 12 eyes in the lower-inner quadrant, and 26 eyes the intraconal central space. The selection of surgical approach: 1)OCH in the muscle cone: conjunctival approach surgery in 53 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 22 eyes, lateral combined medial conjunctiva orbital approach surgery in 5 eyes, skin approach surgery in 1 eye, transnasal approach under nasal endoscope surgery in 1 eye; 2)OCH outside the muscle cone: skin approach in 29 eyes, conjunctival approach in 12 eyes and lateral orbital approach in 5 eyes. Postoperative efficacy: except for 1 eye of postoperative tumor residue, the other 127 eyes were completely removed. Postoperative complications: 1)Ocular motility disorder: 16 eyes, including conjunctival approach surgery in 11 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 4 eyes, lateral combined medial conjunctiva orbital approach surgery in 1 eye; 2)Visual acuity decreased in 9 eyes: conjunctival approach surgery in 3 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 6 eyes; 3)Mydriasis occurred in 9 eyes, including 4 eyes via conjunctival approach surgery and 5 eyes via lateral orbital approach surgery; 4)Intraorbital hemorrhage occurred in 3 eyes: all occurred through conjunctival approach surgery; 5)Visual acuity was lost in 2 eyes, including conjunctival approach surgery in 1 eye and lateral orbital opening approach surgery in 1 eye; 6)There were 2 eyes of ptosis, including conjunctival approach surgery in 1 case and skin approach surgery in 1 eye; 7)Tumor residue occurred in 1 eye: multiple intraorbital tumors were treated by lateral orbital approach surgery.CONCLUSION: The accurate location of OCH combined with imaging examination and the selection of appropriate surgical approaches according to different locations can successfully remove the tumor and reduce the incidence of complications.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Different Parts of Gentiana straminea Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to analyze the chemical constituents in the aerial part and roots of Gentiana straminea from different areas of Qinghai province， and the main chromatographic peaks and differential components of different parts were identified. MethodThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-1 min， 1%-13%B； 1-5 min， 13%-18%B； 5-7 min， 18%-50%B； 7-9.5 min， 50%-60%B； 9.5-11 min， 60%-99%B； 11-14 min； 99%B； 14-15 min， 99%-1%B； 15-16 min， 1%B）， the column temperature at 40 ℃， and the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization （ESI） and negative ion full scan mode were selected for the mass spectrometric conditions to analyze the samples， and the detection range was m/z 50-1 200. Chemical constituents of the aerial part were qualitatively analyzed with the reference substances， literature information and ChemSpider. Principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to analyze the classification trend， correlation and differential chemical components between aerial part and roots of G. straminea. ResultA total of 68 components， including 24 iridoids， 13 flavonoids， 8 triterpenoids， 6 xanthones， 5 fatty acids， 4 saccharides， 3 phenolic glycosides， 2 alkaloids， 2 sterols and 1 lignan， were preliminarily identified from the aerial part of G. straminea. Among them， 42 components were firstly reported in 4 Gentiana species included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Eight differential components were screened out， namely sucrose， maltotriose， loganic acid， shanzhiside methyl ester， 6′-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside， swertiamarin， gentiopicrin and isovitexin. ConclusionThe aerial part of G. straminea is rich in chemical constituents and has good medicinal potential. There were significant differences in the chemical components between the aerial part and roots of G. straminea， and the main differential components were iridoids， which could provide a basis for exploring efficacy differences in different parts of G. straminea.

Effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Shugan Prescription on Learning， Memory， and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Epileptic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Huazhuo Jiedu Shugan Prescription （HZJDSG） on learning， memory， and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3<italic>β</italic> （GSK-3<italic>β</italic>） pathway-related proteins in epileptic rats， and to explore its possible mechanism. Method:Forty-eight SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a sodium valproate （0.19 g·kg^-1） group， and low- （2.7 g·kg^-1）， medium- （5.4 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （10.8 g·kg^-1） HZJDSG groups， with eight rats in each group. The normal group received 0.9% sodium chloride solution （0.035 g·kg^-1） by intraperitoneal injection， and the other five groups received pentetrazol （PTZ） at the same dose to induce a chronic epilepsy model for a total of 14 times. The drug groups received corresponding drugs and the normal group and the model group received 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the same volume once a day for 28 days. During the drug intervention period， epilepsy was maintained in each modeling group by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ on day 7， 14， 21， and 28. The behavioral changes of rats were observed by Morris water maze and the pathomorphological changes of rat hippocampal neurons by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression of phosphorylation Akt（p-Akt）and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein expression of PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， GSK-3<italic>β</italic>， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed prolonged platform finding time （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced number of platform crossings （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， structural damage of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus， down-regulated protein expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3<italic>β </italic>in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and reduced relative expression of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> in the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the sodium valproate group and the HZJDSG groups showed shortened platform finding time （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and improved neuronal structure in the CA1 region of the hippocampus， while the sodium valproate group and the high- and medium-dose HZJDSG groups exhibited increased number of platform crossings （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and elevated relative expression of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:HZJDSG can improve the learning and memory of epileptic rats， and its antiepileptic effect may be achieved by the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3<italic>β</italic> pathway-related proteins.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: A cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an increasingly severe public health emergency. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has helped to combat COVID-19, public perception of TCM remains controversial. We used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify factors that affect the intention to use TCM.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional web-based survey of 10,824 individuals from the general public was conducted between March 16 and April 2, 2020. The participants were recruited using a snowball sampling method. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, based on the TPB. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and TPB structures. Structural equation modeling was used to identify predictors of intention.@*RESULTS@#The results indicated the model explained 77.5% and 71.9% of intention and attitude variance. Intention to use TCM had the strongest relationship with attitude (P < 0.001), followed by past behavior (P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (P < 0.001). Attitudes toward TCM were significantly affected by perceived behavioral control (P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001) and cognition of TCM (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Attitude is a key factor in determining the intention to use TCM, followed by past behaviors, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Our results offer important implications for health policy makers to promote the use of TCM.

The key role of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder in the pathogenesis of depression / 药学学报

Depression is a common mental illness with mood disorders as the main clinical feature. In recent years numerous studies have shown that mitochondrial function and structure are abnormal in patients with depression, and changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure can lead to energy metabolism disorders in the body. It is suggested that 'mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder' may be the pathogenesis of depression. This paper reviews the intrinsic association of mitochondrial energy metabolism with depression and notes potential mechanisms from the standpoint of mitochondrial structure and function on the molecular level. We provide a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of depression and identifying the possible targets of antidepressant drugs.

Effect of decompression range on decompression limit of cervical laminoplasty / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUNDS@#Cervical posterior decompression surgery is used to relieve ventral compression indirectly by incorporating a backward shift of the spinal cord, and this indirect decompression is bound to be limited. This study aimed to determine the decompression limit of posterior surgery and the effect of the decompression range.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively reviewed the data of 129 patients who underwent cervical open-door laminoplasty through 2008 to 2012 and were grouped as follows: C4-C7 (n = 11), C3-C6 (n = 61), C3-C7 (n = 32), and C2-C7 (n = 25). According to the relative location of spinal levels within a decompression range, the type of decompression at a given level was categorized as external decompression (ED; achieved at the levels located immediately external to the decompression range margin), internal decompression (ID; achieved at the levels located immediately internal to the decompression range margin), and central decompression (CD; achieved at the levels located in the center, far from the decompression range margin). The vertebral-cord distance (VCD) was used to evaluate the decompression limit. The C2-C7 angle and VCD on post-operative magnetic resonance images were analyzed and compared between groups. The relationship between VCD and decompression type was analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between the magnitude of the ventral compressive factor and the probability of post-operative residual compression at each level for different decompression ranges was studied.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant kyphosis in cervical curvature (> -5°), and there was no significant difference among the groups (F = 2.091, P = 0.105). The VCD of a specific level depended on the decompression type of the level and followed this pattern: ED < ID < CD (P < 0.05). The decompression type of a level was sometimes affected by the decompression range. For a given magnitude of the ventral compressive factor, the probability of residual compression was lower for the group with the larger VCD at this level.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our study suggests that the decompression range affected the decompression limit by changing the decompression type of a particular level. For a given cervical spinal level, the decompression limit significantly varied with decompression type as follows: ED < ID < CD. CD provided maximal decompression limit for a given level. A reasonable range of decompression could be determined based on the relationship between the magnitude of the ventral compressive factor and the decompression limits achieved by different decompression ranges.

Medial support nail and proximal femoral nail antirotation in the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association 31-A3.1): a finite-element analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture is a distinct fracture pattern that is mechanically different from most inter-trochanteric fractures and the optional treatment of it is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the efficacy of a novel nail (medial support nail [MSN-II]) and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) in the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] 31-A3.1) using finite-element analysis.@*METHODS@#Modeling software was used to establish a three-dimensional model of MSN-II and PFNA-II and an A3.1 inter-trochanteric fracture model. Abaqus software was used to implement different force loads to compare finite-element biomechanical parameters such as the maximum stress in implant and the displacement of fracture site.@*RESULTS@#The femoral stress, implant stress and fracture site displacement of MSN-II was less than that of PFNA-II. The results indicated that the maximal femoral stress was 581 MPa for PFNA-II and 443 MPa for the MSN-II. The maximum stress values in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models were 291 and 241 MPa, respectively. The maximal displacements of the fracture site were 1.47 and 1.16 mm in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with PFNA-II for inter-trochanteric fracture (AO/OTA 31-A3.1), MSN-II which was designed with a triangular stability structure can provide better biomechanical stability. The MSN-II may be a feasible option for the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture.

The protective effect of sulodexide on endothelial damage induced by pregnancy serum of preeclampsia / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThe relationship between glycosaminoglycans sulodexide (SDX) and HDP such as preeclampsia (PE) has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to observe the protective effect and molecular mechanism of SDX on the function damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by pregnancy serum of PE.Methodsthe indicated concentrations of SDX (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 LSU/mL) were used to interfere with HUVEC and Ea.hy926 cells. CCK8 and Matrigel methods were used to detect cell proliferation and tube formation. The normal pregnant women serum (NPS) or PE patients serum (PES) which collected at the 12 th week of pregnancy and the effective concentration of SDX were used to intervene the cells. Matrigel methods were used to observe the protective effect of SDX on endothelial function damage which induced by pathological serum. The secretion level of sFLT-1 and PlGF in supernatant were determined by ELISA.ResultsCompared with the control group, high concentration of SDX inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells. SDX significantly promoted the tube formation activity wiht a peak at 0.3 LSU/mL (P<0.01). PES damaged the tube formation activity. 0.3 LSU/mL SDX protected cells from tube formation damage which induced by PES (P<0.01). PES promoted the secretion of sFLT-1 and inhibit the secretion of PlGF, while 0.3 LSU/mL SDX reversed the secretion of sFLT-1 and PlGF induced by PES (P<0.01).Conclusion0.3 LSU/mL SDX can protect endothelial cells from PES induced endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with the secretion balance regulation of sFLT-1 / PlGF.

Mechanism of Guhong Injection against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury of H9c2 Cardiomyocytes Based on PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protectiveness of Guhong injection (GHI) on H9c2 cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) based on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS: H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and the optimal GHI doses were screened by CCK-8. The cells were randomly subjected into 8 groups: control group, model group, low, medium and high GHI dose groups (30, 60 and 90 μL•mL-1 respectively), positive drug group (verapamil injection 7.5 μL•mL-1), GHI+LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) group and LY294002 group. Cells were established H/R model with hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 16 h excepted the control group. The CK-MB, LDH, MDA content and SOD activities in each group were detected by Elisa, and the expression levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT and GSK-3β in each group were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared each drug-treated group with the model group, LDH and CK-MB contents were decreased (P<0.05), MDA content was decreased (P<0.01), and SOD activity was increased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and GSK-3β protein were elevated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, LDH, CK-MB, MDA and SOD activity in LY294002 group were no significant difference, while the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and GSK-3β protein decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: GHI could represent anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effect which reduced the damage of injured H9c2 myocardial cells caused by H/R. These effects might be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Biomechanical study on the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of A3.3 type with medial sustainable nail and proximal femoral anti-rotation nail / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#A3 intertrochanteric fracture is an extremely unstable fracture, which is often treated with intramedullary nail, but the implant failure is common due to the posterior medial fragment cannot be reconstructed. A new medial sustainable nail (MSN-Ⅱ) which can reconstruct the femoral medial support by sustainable screw was introduced in this study. The mechanical effect was verified by biomechanical experiment.@*METHODS@#The loss medial support model of intertrochanteric fracture (A3) was made by artificial Sawbones model, fixed with MSN-Ⅱ and PFNA-Ⅱ, underwent axial loading and axial failure tests. The axial stiffness, yield load, displacement of head-neck fragment and torsional angle of fracture site of these nails were recorded and compared for biomechanical differences. The effect of early reconstruction of medial support with MSN-Ⅱ was determined.@*RESULTS@#The axial stiffness, yield load, the displacement of head and neck fragment when the axial load was 1 800 N and torsional angle of the fracture site after the axial failure test of MSN-Ⅱ were (222.76 ±62.46) N /mm, (4 241.71 ±847.42) N, (11.51 ±0.62) mm, (1.71 ±0.10)° respectively, while the PFNA -Ⅱ was (184.58±40.59) N /mm, (3 058.76±379.63) N, (16.15±1.36) mm, (2.52±0.26)°respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#The axial stiffness of MSN-Ⅱ is better than that of PFNA-Ⅱ. The MSN-Ⅱ can bear more loads when fixed A3.3 intertrochanteric fracture and has greater axial and rotational stability. It is an effective means to reconstruct the medial support of A3 intertrochanteric fracture.

Underestimation of weight status among overweight and obese adults in China in 2013 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective The aim is to understand the underestimation of body weight status and its associated factors among overweight and obese adults in China. Methods Nationally representative data were collected in 2013 by the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which used a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 87 552 overweight and obese adults aged ≥18 years old were included. Demographic characteristics, weight perception and disease status were obtained from in-person interviews. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured through physical examination. Venous blood samples were obtained and assayed for fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Complex sampling was weighted and multiple logistic regression models were used for analyzing. Results Among overweight and obese adults, 74.7% (95% CI: 73.3%-76.1%) underestimated their weight status. The mild underestimation rate was 60.7% (59.6%-61.7%) while the severe was 14.0% (13.1%-14.9%). The aged, low education level, low annual income, rural area and obesity were risk factors for both weight status underestimation and severe underestimation (all P<0.05). Awareness of having hypertension and dyslipidemia were protective factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions Most overweight and obese adults in China underestimated their own weight status, which was affected by age, education and income level, awareness of having chronic diseases and other factors. Targeted interventions should be carried out for different characteristic groups.

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Growth and Tumor-related Apoptosis Protein of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Transplanted Tumor in Nude Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the inhibitory effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on growth of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor in nude mice and its effect on the apoptosis of tumor cells, in order to study the effect of APS on growth and induction of apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and its possible molecular mechanism. Method: Human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was inoculated into the right axillary subcutaneous of BALB/c-nu female nude mice to establish the transplanted tumor model of breast cancer. Eighteen nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group (saline per day), low-dose APS group (200 mg·kg-1 APS per day), and high-dose APS group (400 mg·kg-1 APS per day), with 6 rats in each group. The drug was administered by gavage (200 μL) daily for 21 days. In the experiment, the length and diameter of breast cancer transplanted tumor were measured every two days, and the tumor volume was recorded and calculated. At the end of the experiment, the changes of tumor mass and tumor volume of the low and high-dose APS groups and the model group were observed and compared, and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The cell morphology in tumor tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to verify the apoptosis of breast cancer tissues. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Caspase in tumor tissues was detected by Western blot. Result: The tumor volume of breast cancer decreased in the low and high-dose APS groups, and the tumor inhibition rates were 37.9%and 57.57%, respectively, with statistically significant differences from the model group (PP0.01). HE of tumor tissue cells showed that APS led to obvious morphological changes, with apoptosis in the tissue cells. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate of tumor cells in APS intervention groups was higher than that in control group. Western blot showed that expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased(PPPPConclusion: APS can effectively inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts in nude mice and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanism may be related to the effect of APS on expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-7 in breast cancer cells.

Effect of Modified Wuzi Yanzong Pill () on Tip60-Mediated Apoptosis in Testis of Male Rats after Microwave Radiation / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of a modified Wuzi Yanzong Pill (, WZYZP) on the male rats' testis after microwave radiation, as well as its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#Forty-five male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the radiation group, and the WZYZP group. The rats in the radiation group and WZYZP group were exposed to microwave radiation for 15 min once, while the rats in the control group were not exposed to any radiation. The rats in the WZYZP group were given a modified of WZYZP by gavage daily for 7 days. Apoptosis in the testis was evaluated using terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Histopathological alterations of the testis were observed by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Tat-interactive protein, 60kD (Tip60) and p53 expressions were determined by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The apoptosis index (AI) in the radiation group was higher than that of the WZYZP group and control group on day 1 (D1), day 7 (D7) day 14 (D14) after radiation (P<0.05). The seminiferous tubules were of normal morphology in the control group. In the radiation group, the partial seminiferous tubules were collapsed, basement membranes of the seminiferous epithelia became detached. WZYZP could restore the morphological changes. There was no expression of Tip60 among the three groups on D7 and D14. The expression of p53 was higher in the radiation group than in the control group (P<0.05). WZYZP could down-regulate the rising p53 induced by radiation on D7 and D14 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#A modified WZYZP may affect germ cells, and its protective effects may partly result from its ability to intervene in Tip60 mediated apoptosis.

1H-NMR metabolomics analysis of changes of serum metabolites in rats with depression induced by Compound Chaigui Prescription / 中草药

Objective To analyze the effect of Compound Chaigui Prescription on the changes of serum metabolites in rats with depression by 1H-NMR metabolomics. Methods Rats model established were modeled by chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS) procedure. Compound Chaigui Prescription and positive drugs (venlafaxine) were used as intervention drugs. Rat serum was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. After data pretreatment, SIMCA-P 14.1 software was introduced for multivariate statistical analysis to verify the antidepressant efficacy of Compound Chaigui Prescription from the perspective of small molecule metabolites, and find potential disease biomarkers and drug efficacy markers. Results The CUMS depression rat model was successfully replicated. The metabolomics results showed that the levels of isoleucine, trimethylamine oxide, and creatine in the serum of CUMS-depressed rats were significantly higher than those of the model group. The levels of N-acetyl-glycoprotein, choline, and glucose were decreased with a significant difference (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion The serum metabolite levels in CUMS model rats were significantly corrected after Compound Chaigui Prescription intervention. This study can provide reference for the study of antidepression mechanism of Compound Chaigui Prescription.

Clinical observation of osteotomy and fusion for the treatment of severe rigid equinus deformity / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical efficacy of osteotomy and fusion in treating severe rigid equinus deformity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2010 to October 2015, 13 patients(16 feet) with severe rigid equinus deformity were treated with osteotomy and fusion by hollow screw, including 6 males and 7 females aged from 39 to 62 years old with an average of(49.6±5.3) years old;the courses of diseases ranged from 5 to 27 years with an average of (9.0±4.8) years. Six patients (9 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for three joints, 4 patients(4 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for four joints, and 3 patients (3 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for tibiotalar and calcaneal-talar joints. All patients manifested as foot pain, heel could not touch floor and walking before operation. Postoperative complications were observed, AOFAS score were applied to evaluate clinical effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20 months. Only one patient occurred local skin necrosis after operation and healed by dressing change and anti-infective therapy. All feet obtained fracture healing, the time ranged from 12 to 16 weeks with an average of 13.2 weeks. AOFAS score were improved from 11.85±10.66 before operation to 81.38±3.69 after operation, and had significant difference(=-25.67, <0.05);15 feet good and 1 foot moderate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tibiotalar and calcaneal-talar joint fusion, osteotomy and fusion for three and four joints could treat severe rigid equinus deformity according to patients' individual and could obtain satisfied clinical effects.</p>

The inhibitory effects of YZG-330/YZG-331 on central nervous system / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effects of the novel compounds YZG-330 and YZG-331 in central nervous system. Methods The sedative effect was investigated by recording the spontaneous locomotor ac-tivity in mice. The hypnotic effect was evaluated by the latency and duration of the loss of righting reflex ( LORR) in the threshold dosage of sodium pentobarbi-tal treated mice. The two compounds induced the mice that had woken up after a threshold dosage pentobarbi-tal sodium to fall asleep again. The levels of GABA and Glu in brain were measured by HPLC-ECD. Re-sults The results showed that spontaneous locomotor activities decreased in YZG-330 (0.125, 0.5,2 mg·kg-1 ) treated mice and YZG-331 (1.25, 5, 20 mg· kg-1 ) treated mice. YZGs could extend the duration of the loss of righting reflex in threshold dosage of sodium pentobarbital treated mice, and significantly shorten sleep latency. YZGs were able to allow the mice that had woken up after a threshold dosage pentobarbital so-dium to fall asleep again. YZG-331 (40 mg·kg-1 ,i. g. ) could significantly increase GABA level in hypo-thalamus and cerebral cortex. The content of GABA had no significant change after YZG-330 ( 2 mg · kg-1 , ig. ) administration. Conclusions YZG-330 and YZG-331 have potent sedative and hypnotic effects. The efficacy of YZG-330 is stronger than that of YZG-331 , but the mechanism of two compounds sounds different.